This report outlines scale in the context of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and considers several pathways to scale as well as the fundamentals of scaling. It then looks back on the catalytic role that GSMA played in providing early-stage capital and support for 21 start-ups in Africa and Asia, who collectively represent the following sectors: AgriTech, Aquaponics, CivicTech, EdTech, Energy, FinTech, HealthTech, InsurTech, and Water.